The coronation process legitimizes the transfer of power to the newly elected pope. This clip illustrates the coronation ceremony of Pope Alexander VI.

Guy of Lusignan surrenders the city of Jerusalem to Ayyubid sultan Salah ad-Din under the terms that none of the Christians residing in the city will be harmed. When Guy asks what Jerusalem is worth, Salah ad-Din indicates that Jerusalem is worth both nothing and everything. Jerusalem, the Holy Land, is important to both parties because their respective religions, Christianity and Islam, were believed to originate from the city.  Ultimately, the Muslim armies under Salah ad-Din captured or killed most of the Christian forces, and thus Muslims gained military power over Jerusalem.

Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the city notice board. The theses, which started the Reformation, challenge the practices of the Catholic church and widely-held beliefs. The 95 Theses spread rapidly throughout Europe, earning Luther many supporters and opponents.

William, a squire, is publically punished for impersonating his master, Sir Ector, in jousting competitions. He is placed in a pillory and food is thrown at him. Prince Edward, who William befriended during his jousting competitions, orders the guards to take him out of the pillory and knights him as "Sir William".

Ancient Mesopotamia proved that fertile land and the knowledge to cultivate it was a fortuitous recipe for wealth and civilization. Learn how this "land between two rivers" became the birthplace of the world's first cities, advancements in math and science, and the earliest evidence of literacy and a legal system.